Lamwo District faces critical population issues marked by high fertility, declining mortality, and significant migration trends, particularly due to the influx of refugees. According to the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2024, the district’s total population stands at 213,156, with a relatively high fertility rate reflected in an average household size of 4.6, slightly above the national average of 4.4. This indicates a persistently high birth rate, placing pressure on the district's social services. Mortality rates, though not explicitly detailed, are inferred to be declining given the growing young population about 48% of residents are under 15 years of age, a demographic structure typical of high fertility and reduced childhood mortality.

Migration patterns are significantly influenced by Lamwo’s status as a refugee-hosting district, with over 36,000 refugees residing in the Palabek Refugee Settlement as of 2024. This population influx exacerbates demands on education, healthcare, and environmental resources. Labour force participation in Lamwo also lags behind national averages. Only 44.7% of the district's population is engaged in active economic activities, compared to the national labour force participation rate of about 56%. High youth unemployment remains a pressing issue, compounded by limited skills training and job opportunities. The district’s demographic and labour trends underscore the need for robust population management strategies, investment in reproductive health, skills development, and inclusive economic planning.